research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.
consider (第1题答案为b) the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmer’s piece in the
science times on tuesday. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly
tended (第2题答案为a) to live shorter lives. this suggests that dimmer (第3题答案为d)bulbs
burn longer, that there is an advantage (第4题答案为b)in not being too terrifically bright.
intelligence, it turns out (第5题答案为c), is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns
more fuel and is slow off (第6题答案为a)the starting line because it depends on learning — a
gradual (第7题答案为d)process— instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and
one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to stop. (第8题答案为c)
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is there an adaptive value to limited(第9题答案为b) intelligence? that’s the question behind
this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance backward (第10题答案为d) at all the
species we’ve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real costs (第11题答案为d) of
our own intelligence might be. this is on (第12题答案为b) the mind of every animal i’ve ever met.
(every chicken that looks at you sideways — which is how they all look at you — is really
saying what thoreau said less succinctly: you are endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood
by a formula more complicated than the problem itself. thoreau himself would not dispute that he
was hoping to recover the chicken’s point of view. he went to walden pond “to remember well
his ignorance.”)
research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would
perform (第13题答案为c) on humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, for instance
(第14题答案为d), is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. i believe that if(第15题答案
为a) animals ran the labs, they would test us to determine(第16题答案为c) the limits of our
patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. they would try to decide what intelligence in
humans is really for(第17题答案为b), not merely how much of it there is.above all(第18题答案为a),
they would hope to study a fundamental (第19题答案为a) question: are humans actually aware of
the world they live in? so far (第20题答案为c) the results are inconclusive.
试题题源：while it may be said, without exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any
social institution, economic, domestic, political, legal, religious, is its effect in enlarging and
improving experience； yet this effect is not a part of its original motive, which is limited and more
immediately practical.(48 words)
命题专家把这个句子改写为：it may be said that the measure of the worth of any social
institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its
original motive. (33 words)
2. 第一个并列句这个句子有一个最简单的形式主语结构it may be said，然后有一个基本结构是the
measure of … is in its effect in…，可以翻译为“衡量…是看在…中的效果”。第二个并列句的结构非常简单。
3. 第一个并列句中主语中心词是measure后面带了两个of修饰结构，这种结构是属于考研翻译中考过无数次的结构，请参考94年71题，97年72题，01年74题，02年64题，和07年46题，等。这样的结构可以从后往前翻译，比如主语部分the measure of the worth of any social institution可以翻译为：任何社会制度的价值的衡量。当然，为了更通顺，可以翻译为：衡量社会制度的价值。
4. 第一个并列句的表语部分。中心词是effect，“影响”的意思。所以，结合前面的主语，可以灵活的翻译为：要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看其影响。而effect这个中心词后面还带了一个in doing sth.这个结构。in doing sth.可以翻译为：在做…事情的过程中，这个结构在考研翻译中也出现过多次，请参看95年71题，05年50题。所以整个表语部分its effect in enlarging and improving experience可以翻译为：在扩大和改进经验过程中的影响。所以，第一个并列句可以翻译为：可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响
restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “white pollution” is still going on. write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1) give your opinions briefly, and
2) make two or three suggestions.
you should write about 100 words. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use li
ming instead. you do not need to write the address. (10 points)
dear editor(s),
亲爱的编辑：
i am writing this letter to draw your attention on “white pollution”. no one can avoid using
plastic bags in our daily lives and too many plastic bags bring about many problems. how to solve
this problem has become a hot issue among many people in recent years.
to address this problem, i would like to lodger several suggestions. on the one hand, the
authorities should set up rules and regulations to control the productivity and circulation of the
plastic bags. on the other hand, people should realize the significant of protecting our environment
and not use too many plastic bags.